Uncategorized – Page 4 – Yameen's Tech

18/05/2019 YamEen Uncategorized

Marketing

Certified Corporate Sale Associate (CCSA)
Sales & Marketing Certificate Course – Salesmanship
Professional Digital Marketing Diploma
Social Media Marketing – Complete Course
Google AdWords Course – Online Marketing
Digital Marketing
Search Engine Optimization
Social Media Marketing
Branding
Marketing Fundamentals
Analytics & Automation
Public Relations
Advertising
Video & Mobile Marketing
Content Marketing
Growth Hacking
Affiliate Marketing
Product Marketing

Other

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Gas & Petroleum Technology

Semester-I

Functional English
Islamic Studies
Fundamentals of Petroleum Engineering
Applied Physics
Applied Mathematics-
Workshop Practices

Semester-II

Pakistan Studies
Applied Geology
Applied Chemistry
Applied Mathematics-II
Engineering Drawing & Graphics
Communication Skills

Semester-III

Stratigraphy and Structural Geology
Computer Programming and Software applications
Introduction to Electrical Engineering
Applied Mathematics-III
Fluid Mechanics
Technical Writing & Presentation Skills

Semester-IV

Drilling Engineering-I
Applied Thermodynamics
Applied Statistics
Petroleum Geology & Geophysical Exploration
Mechanics of Materials

Semester-V

Petrophysics
Properties of Reservoir Fluids
Drilling Engineering-II
Applied Numerical Methods
Social Sciences 3 0

Semester-VI

Well Logging
Reservoir Engineering
Petroleum Production Engineering-I
Natural Gas Engineering
Environment and Safety Management

Semester-VII

Well Testing
Petroleum Production Engineering-II
Gas Reservoir Engineering
Project Planning & Management
Instrumentation and Process Control

Semester-VIII

Principles of Enhanced Oil Recovery
Reservoir Simulation
Petroleum Economics
Petroleum Refinery Engineering
Project

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engineering topic

1. Gas & Petroleum engineering –

The most appealing science degree in terms of money is petroleum engineering. As you have already guessed by its name, petroleum engineers search for natural reservoirs of petroleum and then help recover it. If you are considering studying this type of engineering, don’t forget that knowledge of chemistry, math, and geology are also needed. Nevertheless, average annual salaries provided by a company are more than enough to justify the intellectual investment. At the same time, it is a real challenge!

2. Nuclear engineering –

Working with nuclear energy, these engineers derive benefits from radiation and research and develop systems, equipment, and tools for putting nuclear resources to the good use, for example, in medicine and industrial engineering. Their services are highly sought after (regardless of whether you have a masters or bachelors degree) but is one of the riskier engineering careers you can find.

3. Chemical engineering –

Chemical engineering graduates can expect to start off with about 65K a year and their work would involve design, development, and production of various products and chemicals. You can choose any industry you are interested in including pharmaceuticals, energy, food and drink, oil and gas or plastics.

4. Computer Science –

Just think of Mark Zuckerberg and all your questions will vanish in the air. IT professionals get paid quite a lot for their labor. Employers are prepared to pay a high median annual salary even for college graduates.

5. Aerospace engineering –

Doing all sorts of things from designing parts of aircrafts to manufacturing missiles, aerospace engineering seems quite interesting to study and work in. Since every aerospace product is completely different, most engineers focus on just one whether it be satellites, missiles or commercial planes. Please bear in mind that these positions are usually affected by national programs and support so you will have a close connection with the public sector.

6. Electrical engineering –

Working with electrical devices and components is obviously a part of the job of electrical engineers. Despite what you might think, it is an exciting and cutting-edge career: everyone needs to keep up with the latest technological advancements. Experienced professionals working in the United States can get quite a nice compensation based on the level of technical knowledge and experience in the field.

7. Mechanical engineering –

The work and salary of a mechanical engineer vary at times and can include anything from small solutions to the development of large plants and vehicles. Mechanical engineers are needed in most industries and can be involved in all aspects of work from research and development to manufacturing, management, and production.

8. Civil engineering –

Civil engineering graduates are in high demand these days. Every big city needs roads, bridges, as well as various transportation facilities, and this is where civil engineers get the most employment. Learning how to build all sorts of different buildings and infrastructure they can also protect the environment by designing and implementing environmentally-friendly projects. Thus, civil engineer salary can be quite high depending on project and education.

9. Biomedical engineering –

Another sub-specialty of engineering is focusing on solving medical and biological issues. Biomedical engineers can choose a preferred place to work at among hospitals, engineering firms or medical supply companies.

10. Architectural engineering –

Architectural engineers make sure a building will not take any structural, environmental damage or collapse in a few years and work on lighting, heating, air conditioning and plumbing. Dividing the time between working with CAD software in the office and construction sites, they need good communicative skills in order to work well in teams. Although personal requirements are quite low in comparison to other engineering professions, you can still have a really nice career.

15/05/2019 YamEen Uncategorized

world history part 11

 Portugal gave up its last colony, on December
20, 1999 after a long period of imperialism.
 Vladimir Putin on March 16, 2000 won the presidential election and became the President of Russia and in 2004 he was again reelected.
 In September 2004, Russia endorsed the Kyoto
protocol on climate change.
 In July 2004, the Butler report on Pre-Iraq British
intelligence was released i.e., the intelligence report on Iraq’s possession of biological weapons
are false and misleading.
 In March 2000, the Pope issued an apology for
sins committed by Catholics over the past 2000
years, including religious persecutions and discrimination against women. In 2003, the Vatican
launched an international campaign against
leaglising same-sex marriage.
 In 2002 Niyazov the President of Turkmenistan
renamed all the months of the Calendar April is
now named after his mother. He was voted president for life-by his rubber stamp Parliament in
1999. He died recently.
 Scottish writer Ali Smith’s, ‘The Accidental’
wins the 2006 Whitbread prize.
 In June 2006 Montenegro’s Parliament proclaims
independence forming a new European state. It is
the 192 member in the UN.
 French adventurer Raphaela le Gouvello becomes
the world’s first person to windsurf the Indian ocean,
reaching Reunion Island after a 60-day Odyssey.
 SMART 1, Europe’s first space craft to the Moon
launched in September 2003, ends its mission with
a planned crash on the lunar surface on 3 September 2006.
Africa
 In 2004 January Algeria assumed a two-year seat
on the UN Security council.
 In March 2002, Zimbabwe was suspended from
the Commonwealth of Nations.
 In 2003, an outbreak of polio spread throughNigeria.
The Kano region lifted its ten-month ban against vaccination in July 2004. On Aug 24, there were 602 polio
cases world wide 79% of which were in Nigeria.
 Over 1,300 people are killed after an Egyptian cruise
liner sinks in the Red Sea between Duba in Saudi
Arabia and Safaga in Egypt on 3 February 2006.
 A new tomb is discovered in the Egyptian valley
of the kings the first since the 1922 unravelling of
king Tatankhamun’s tomb.
 On 7 December Joseph Kabila sworn in as the
first democratically elected President of the Democratic Republic of Congo.
North America
 In 2001 George W. Bush sworn in as the 43rd
President of the United States of America.
 The August and September 2004, four hurricanes
Kathrina, Rita, Gama etc) devastated Florida and
other parts of Southern United States.
 In the Presidential elections 2004, Bush got a majority of votes to rule the state for a second term
by defeating John Kerry.
 In 2001 Canada legalised medical Marijuana for
the terminally or chronically ill. It began legally
dispensing Marijuana by prescription in July 2003.
 As per the report of the Transparency International 2006 Haiti is the most corrupt country in
the world.
 NASA’s Stardust space craft returned to earth with
the first comet dust samples and landed in the Utah
desert after seven years journey, in 2006 January 15.
 In 2006, February 7, the Haitians cast ballots in
the country’s first presidential election in nearly
six years.
 Space shuttle Discovery safely landed in Florida
competing a 13 day mission on 17 July 2006.
South America
 In Januray 2003,Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva, a former
trade union leader and factory worker widely
known by the name Lula, became Brazil’s first
working class President.
 In March 2000 Ricardo Lagos became the first
socialist President of Chile. In 2004, Chile passed
a law permitting divorce for the first time.
 According to 2004 polls cited in the Economist,
Alejandro Toledo, the President of Peru is Latin
America’s least popular leader.
 On 11 March 2006 Michelle Bachlet is sworn in
as Chile’s first woman president.
 Now there is a trend in South America that several of its countries moving to the communist side
of political ideology.
Australia
 Harriet a 178 year old giant tortoise credited with
helping Charles Darwin pioneer the theory of evolution dies in Australia in 2006 June 22.
 Australian Crocodile hunter Steve Irwin (44) died
on September 4, 2006 following a stingray blow
to the chest while filming a documentary on the
Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Port Douglas in
Queenland state.
 Marsupial lions, Kangaroos as tall as trucks and
wombats the size of a rhinoceros roamed
Australias outback before being killed off by fires
it by arriving humans. The giant animals lived in
the arid Nullarbor Desert around 400,000 years
ago, but died out around 50,000 year ago, relatively shortly after the arrival of human settlers,
according to new fossil skeletons found in Caves.
Selected Questions
from World History
 Father of History
Herodotus
 Iron was accidently discovered by
Neanderthal man
 Humans with similarity to the Neanderthal man
Cromagnans
 Mesopotamian ruler who gave a famous code of
laws
Hammurabi
 The Cunieform script was discovered by
Sumerians
 Largest Pyramid of Egypt
Khufu
 Large temple in ancient Egypt dedicated to Sun
God
Temple of Abusimbel
 Three states of China existed in the 300 BC
Chin, Chu, Ehi
 Siesmograph was discovered by
Ancient Chinese
 Most important Persian ruler who lived in BC 600
Cyrus
 God of Parsies or Zorastrians
Ahuramazda
 Most famous ruler of ancient Athens
Pericles
 Olygarchy is a form of government led by .
a group of rich people
 Greek poetess who sung about love, nature and
beauty
Sappho
 Greek poet who wrote poems in honour of victorious athletes
Pindar
 Father of tragic dramas
Aeschilus
 Father of Comic dramas
Sophocles
 Most important example of Greek architecture
Temple of Parthenon
 The word Heirogliphic means
Sacred Writing
 Philosopher king of Rome
Marcus Areleus
 Famous Orator of Greece
Cesero
 The Roman Governor who gave the verdict to
crucify christ
Pontheos Pelathose
 The birth place of Prophet Muhammed
Mecca
 Who as the wife of Prophet Muhammed
Khadeija
 Which place is known as the Bermingham of Central Africa
Sinja – Trophus
 Most famous ruler of Mali in Africa
Manga Kangan Muza
 Time taken to complete the construction of the
Great Pyramid in Egypt
20 years

 Who was the commander of Carthage in the Punic wars
Hannibal
 Who became the ruler of Rome after Julius Caeser
Octavian (Augustus Caesar)
 Country known as the nest of singing birds
England
 Perceolis was the capital of the ancient Empire
Persia
 The hanging gardens of Babilona was built in
the name of
Nebuchandnessar
 Only South East Asian country never occupied
by any European powers
Thailand
 Famous chinese king Shihuangti belonged to
Chin dynasty
 Which ancient civilisation was famous for secular architecture
Persian
 The tutelary diety of the city ‘UR’ in Mesopotamia
Nannar
 The Mayan calendar had
18 months
 Buddhism reached China from India during the
period of
Han dynasty
 Golden Age of Rome is the period of Augustus
Caesar
 Most cultured civilisation of Middle Ages was of
Arabs
 Which was the language of learning of the Middle
Ages
Latin
 First university in the world was started in Paris
 Which subject was known as Queen of Sciences
during the Middle Ages
Theology
 Who was the immediate successor of prophet
Muhammed or first Khalifa
Abubekker
 Capital of Arab Empire during th Abbsasid rule
Baghdad
 Frist Industrially developed country in Asia
Japan
 The Capital of Japan in the 8th Century
Nara
 Ancient religion of Japan
Shintoism
 Architectural style developed in France
Goethic
 The mount where Saint Benedict founded his
monastery
Monte Cassino
 Holy Ka aba was built by
Prophet Ebrahim
 The capture of constantinople by the Suljek
Turks resulted in the decline of
Byzantine Empire
 The prophet of French Revolution
Rasseau
 Nationalisation of Suez Canal was done by
Col. Gamal Abdul Nazar of Egypt
 Japanese Parliament is known as
Diet
 Battle in which Napolean was defeated in 1815
Battle of Trafalgar
 Unification of Germany was done by
Bismark
 Pakistan President who was hanged to death in
1979
Sulfiker Ali Bhuto
 English king who was trialed and executed
publically in 1649
Charles I
 English king who signed the Magnacarta in 1215
John
 Treaty which ended the Ruso-Japanese battle of
1905
Treaty of Portsmouth
 Co-operative movement was started in England
in 1821 by
Robert Oven
 Small Island where Columbus landed in 1492
Wattlings Island
 Amerigo Vespucci who identified America belonged to
Italy
 The petition submitted American colonists before king George III of England in 1774
Olive Branch Petition
 The Queen who was known as Madam Deficit
Mary Antoinet (France)
 Oath of Tennis Court is related to
French Revolution
 Water Loo where Napoleon was defeated is situated in
Near Brussels in Belgium
 Nepoleon Bonapparte was died in the year
1821
 Who is considered as the father of Scientific Socialism
Karl Marx
 Work which is considered as the birth cry of modern socialism
Communist Manfesto
 ‘Open Door Policy’ was introduced by

15/05/2019 YamEen Uncategorized

world history part 10

 Aguaretiente is a liquor obtained from sugarcane
used in Latin America
 Latin American Tea is known as Mate.
 Most of the Latin American countries follow
Christianity.
 Brazilian dance is known as Samba
Cuba – Conga
Argentina – Tango
Bolivia & Chile – Cueca
Mexico – Jarabe Tapatio
Japan
 Japan is an Island nation of the North Pacific.
 The name Japan was originated from the name
Zipangu used by Marco Polo in Italian language.
 The official name of Japan is Nippon or Nihon,
which means the source of the Sun.
 Japan is known as the ‘Land of Rising Sun’ or
‘Britain of the East’.
 Iasu Tokugama who ruled Japan the 16th Century is known as ‘Napolean of Japan’.
 Tokyo became the capital of Japan during enlightened rule (Meiji Age) which is known as the
Golden Age of Japan.
 First constitution of Japan came to force in 1889
and the Japanese Parliament Diet was formed.
 Geographically Japan is situated in ‘‘the Ring of
fire’’ which is in the coast the Pacific ocean with
lot of volcanoes.
 Mount Fujiyama is the highest mount in Japan.
 In the first World War Japan was in the part of
Allied Powers.
 Japan joined the Second World War in 1940 on
the part of Italy and Germany.
 On 7 December 1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbour.
This resulted in the entry of USA into the Second
World War.
 America dropped an Atom Bomb named ‘Little
boy’ in Hiroshima from an aircraft named ‘Inola
Gay’ on 6, August 1945. Later another bomb
‘Fatman’ was dropped in Nagasaki from an aircraft named ‘Box car’ on 9 August 1945. Follwed
by the Japan surrendered before the Axis Powers
on 2 September 1945. The treaty of surrender was
signed in a ship named USS Missourie in the Bay
of Tokyo.
 Kabuki is a form of stage drama in Japan.
 Bunraku – a puppet theatre
 Sumo is a Japanese form of Wrestling.
 Ikebana – Japanese style of flower arranging
 Sake – Rice wine made in Japan
 Cloisonne – A Japanese type of decorative enameling
 Origami – The Japanese art of folding paper into
decorative objects.
 Kawabata Yasunari is the first Japanese to win
the Nobel Prize (1968) for literature. ‘Snow Country’ is the book authored by him.
 Yuichiro Miura : 70 year old man who became
the oldest to conquer Mt Everest in May 22, 2003.
 Junko Tabei First woman to climb mount Everest.
 Manasobu Fukuvoka is the author of the famous
book ‘One Straw Revolution’. He was a famous
agricultural scientist.
 Jimmu Tenno : He was supposedly the first emperor of Japan. In 660 BC he became the Emperor.
 Hirohito became the first Japanese emperor who
travelled outside Japan in 1971.
 World’s longest suspension bridge, the Akasi
Kaikyo Bridge (1990 metres) is in Japan. It connects the Island of Honshee and the Island of
Shikoku.
 Japan’s largest single export is Crude Oil.
 ‘Yomeeyerie shimbon’ a News paper in Japan has
the largest circulation in the world. It is also published in English with the name ‘Daily Yomiyurie’.
 The Japan’s economy ranks second only to USA
in terms of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
 Japan has the largest fishing industry in the world.
 New PM of Japan is Shinzo Abe (Liberal Democratic Party)
INDIA AND PAKISTAN
 Muhammed Ali Jinna was the founder of Pakistan. He was the first Governor General of the
Dominion of Pakistan.
 Jinna house is in Mumbai.
 Pakistan observes its independence day on August 14
 Jinna is called the father of Pakistan.
 Pakistan proclaimed itself an Islamic Republic in
1956.
 Poet – Philosopher Muhammed Iqbal, first articulated the concept of Pakistan in 1931.
 Pakistan’s first free elections were held in December 1970.
 Bangladesh was separated from Pakistan in march
26, 1971.
 On 28 and 30 may 1998 Pakistan carried out five
nuclear tests in the desert of Baluchistan at the
Chagai Hills in response to India’s test.
 On 12 Octber 1999, General Pervez Musharrafin
a military coup deposed the Premier Nawaz
Sherif and suspended the constitution.
 In 2001 he became the President of Pakistan.
Musharraf’s presidency was extended by five
more years till 2007.
 The Tashkent Agreement was signed on January 10, 1966. This Agreement was signed by Lal
Bahadur Shastri and Ayub Khan just after the
1965 Indo – Pak War. On January 11, Shastri died
at Tashkent.
 Now Tashkent is the capital of Uzbekisthan.
 The Shimla Agreement of 1972 was signed between India and Pakistan after the 1971 battles.
 The Lahore Declaration was signed between India and Pakistan just before the ‘Operation Vijay’
of 1999 in Kargil to expel the ussurpers.
 Th Radcliff line separates India from Pakistan,
the Durand Line is between Pakistan and
Afghanisthan and the McMohan Line is between
India and China.
 Siachin Glacier which lies between India and Pakistan is referred as the highest and the coldest
battle field in the world.
 The Agra Summit (2002) between Musharaff
and AB Vajpayee ended in failure. Aim-solving
bilateral problems.
 Pak conspirations attacked Indian Parliament in
2001 that led to the verge of a war.
 Relation worsened due to the Mumbai blasts in
July 2006
 In the side line NAM summit in Havana (2006
September) both agreed to continue to the peace
process
THE SOUTH AFRICAN STORY
 The Union of South Africa was formed in 1910.
 It became a Republic in 31 May 1961.
 Nelson Mandela was released from prison in 1990
after 27 years of imprisonment. He was imprisoned at
Robert Islands In 1994 he
sworn in as the first black
President of South Africa.
His term ended in 1999.
 First Democratic President
of South Africa is Nelson
Mandela. Thabo Mbeki, the President of ANC
(Africa National Congress) succeeded Nelson
Mandela as the President of South Africa in 1999.
 Nelson Mandela was the second foreigner to receive the Bharat Ratna.
 The first foregner to receive Bharat Ratna was
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, the ‘Frontier Gandhi’
 South Africa is the leading producer of gold in
the World.
 African Development Bank (ADB)was formally established in 1964 and began its operation in 1966.
 Organization of African Unity (OAU/ OUA)was
formed in 1963, with its headquarters at Addis
Ababa (Ethiopia)
Gulf War I and II
 The Gulf War (1991) was fought between the
US led multinational forces and Iraq to expel Iraqi
troops from Kuwait. Its code name was Operation Desert Storm.
 ‘Operation Desert Fox’ was the continuation of
operation Desert storm.
 ‘Operation Iraqi Freedom’ was launched to 2003
to expel Saddam Hussain from Iraq. USA and
England jointly launched the operation. This war
is known as Gulf War II.
 Their aim was to establish democracy
 But still Civil War goes on there.
Earth Summit I & II
 The first Earth Summit was held at Rio de Janeiro,
Brazil in 1992.
 In 2002 the second Summit was held at
Johannasburg in South Africa.
 April 22 is Earth Day.
 The motto, of the Summit was ‘Substainable Development’.
WORLD AFTER 2000
Asia
 Afghanisthan was under the Taliban forces
headed by Mulla Omar since 1995. The Islamic
government of the Talibans was ousted by the
UN forces in November 2001. In 2002 Hamid
Karzai was elected the President.
 The August 2003 NATO assumed its first ever
operational commitment outside Europe when it
took control of the security of Kabul.
 On 9 October 2004, Hamid Karzai became the first
democratically elected President of Afghanistan.
 The National Assembly of Pakistan was inaugurated on 19 december 2005.
 In December 2005,King Jigme Singye Wangchuk
announced that he would step down as king of
Bhutan in 2008 and would be succeeded by his
son, the crown Prince Jigme Khesar Namgyel
Wangchuck.
 In July 2006 the Cuban President Fidel Castro
underwent a surgery and temporarily handed over
control of the government to his brother Raul.
 In 1999, Indonesia bowed to mounting international pressure and allowed a referundum to ascertain the future of East Timur. The majority vote
in favour of independence led to East Timur finally going independent in 2002.
 In 1999, first ever free Parliamentary elections were
held in Indonesia. In October 2004 Susilo B.
Yudhoyuno became the new President after elections.
 Thousands of people were killed in the 2004 (December 26) Tsunami and Indonesia is the worst
affected Country in the crisis.
 In April 2002, voters overwhelmingly approved a
referundum to extend Pakistan President
Musharaf’s presidency for another five years.
 In November 2003 Pakistan and India declared
the first formal ceasefire in Kashmir in 14 years.

15/05/2019 YamEen Uncategorized

world history part 9

 Bismark is known as the ‘Iron man of Germany’
 His policy was known as ‘Blood and Iron Policy’.
 ‘Customs Union’ was an organisation which supported German unification indirectly.
 Bismark is known as ‘Iron Chancellor’.
 Nazism in Germany
was a German form of
Fascism in Italy.
 Adolf Hitler (1889-
1945) was the leader
of the Nazi Party in
Germany. He was
known as the Fuehrer
(Leader). Hittler was
born in Austria in
1889.
 National Socialist German Workers Party founded
in 1920 was known as Nazi Party.
 Nazi Party wanted the exclusion of Jews from
German citizenship.
 The supporters of Nazi Party were known as Sturn
Abteilung or ‘Brown Shirts’.
 Hitler became the head of Nazi Party in 1923.
 Hitler wrote his autobiography ‘‘Mein Kampf’’
(My Struggle) while he was in Jail.
 Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany on 30
January 1933.
 In 1935 under the Nuremberg Law German Jews
were deprived of their citizenship.
 Hitler became the President of Germany in 1934
when Hindenburg died.
 Secret Police force of Hitler was known as
‘Gustapo’.
 Hitler committed suicide along with his wife Iva
Brown after the failure of Second World War in
1945.
 Bismark is known as the father of German integration and Helmet Kohl is known as father of German Unity. It was under Helmet Kohl that two
Germanies united in 1991.
 In 2005 Angela Merckel became the first woman
Titles Persons
Fuehrer ……………………………….. Adolf Hitler
II Duke …………………………………… Mussolini
Lady with the Lamp ….. Florence Nightingale
Maid of Orleans ……………………. Joan of Arc
Maiden Queen ……………………….. Elizabeth I
Man of Blood and Iron ……………….. Bismark
Man of Destinig Little Corporal …..Napolean
Chancellor of Germany.
 In 2006 June Germany decided to open up a huge
archive of Nazi records on Concentration camp
inmates.
Second World War (1939-45)
 The Treaty of Versailles and the rise of the Nazi
Party in Germany were the main causes of the
war.
 The Soviet German Non Aggression Pact was
signed on August 23, 1939.
 Hitler’s armies invaded Polland on 1 September
1939.
 On 3 Septmber 1939 Britain and France declared
war on Germany, thus began the Second World
War.
 The Second World War was between The Axis
Powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and the Allied Powers (Britain, France, Russia, USA etc)
 The German plan of conquering Britain during
the Second World War was known as ‘Sea –
Lion’.
 German attack on Russia during the war was
known as ‘Operation Barbosa’
 When the Second World War broke out, the US
announced her neutrality.
 In 7 December 1941, the Japanese bombers attacked the US naval base at Pearl Harbour in
Hawai.
 On 8 December 1941 US declared war on Japan.
Thus US formally entered the Second World War
 Second World War became a Global war in 1941.
 The first Atom Bomb was dropped in Hiroshima
on August 6, 1945 by America. This bomb is
known as ‘Little boy’’.
 The second Atom Bomb was dropped in Nagasaki
on August 9, 1945 it is known as ‘fat man’.
 The first country to surrender in the war was Italy
and last to surrender was Japan.
 On 2 September 1945 Japan surrendered and the
Second World War ended.
 The Axis powers lost the Second World War. This
war led to the foundation of UNO in 1945.
 The UN Charter was signed at San Francisco on
26th June 1945 by fifty nations and UN came into
force on 24 October 1945.
 The Nuremberg Trials were the trials of the major
war criminals of the Second World War. It began
on November 20, 1945.
Big Powers and Cold War
 The United States of America, the Soviet Union,
Britain, France and China were regarded as the
big powers since the end of the Second World
War (1945). Among them, the United States and
the Soviet Union were the Super Powers.
 There was much co-operation among the Big Powers during the War. But later there aroused mutual suspicion among them and Cold War began.
 The Cold War was a war of words or ideologies
and of nerves. This Cold War created great international tension. The Cold War was announced
by Winston Churchill in his famous ‘‘iron curtain’’ speech at Fulton, Missourie in 1946.
 The word ‘Cold War’ was first coined by
Bernard Baruch 1946.
 The years 1945-47 are generally taken to mark the
beginning of the Cold War.
 The first ‘shot’ of Cold War was fired by Winston
Churchill.
 The US decision to intervene in the Greek Civil
War may be considered as formally ushering in of
the Cold War.
Revolutions
American war of Independence……………….. 1776
Russian Revolution ……………………………….. 1917
French Revolution ………………………………… 1789
Chinese Revolution ……………………………….. 1911
Communist Revolution in China………………. 1949
Industrial Revolution ………. 1750-1850 (England)
Green Revolution in India ………………………. 1964
 The biggest crisis of the early stage of Cold War
was the Berlin Blockade which began in 1948.
 The formation of North Atlantic Treaty
Organisation (NATO) in April 1949 was one of
the most important aspects of Cold War.
 In 1954 the US brought most of the South East
Asian Countries under a common framework modelled on NATO called SEATO.
 The Arab states formed CENTO in 1955. (Central
Treaty Oganisation)
 The Cold War continued upto the collapse of Soviet Union in 1990.
 HOTLINE is a telecommunication link established
since 1963 between the Kremlin (Moscow) and
White House (Washington DC, USA) to avoid
misunderstanding. Now ‘hotline’ means a direct
exclusive line of communication especially for an
emergency.
 Warsaw Pact was a military alliance formed under the Soviet Union against NATO in 1955.
 Now Russia is in a more or less stable condition
under the Presidentship of Vladimir Putin.
Middle East Conflict
 Israel Palestine conflict is popularly called
Middle-East Conflict. The conflict became worse
by the formation of Israel in Palestine in 1948. In
the battle that occured in 1948, Israel came out
victorious.
 Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) was
formed in 1964 to defeat Israel.
 In the 1967 Arab-Israel battle which lasted for six
days, Israel came out victorious
 The Israel – Palestine Peace Treaty was signed
in 1994 and PLO supremo sworn in as the head of
PalestineNational Authority.
 The historic Israel-PLO agreement was signed in
Washington on September 28, 1995. River Wye
Agreement was signed by Israel and Palestine
for solving the crisis.
 Golan Height was a place captured by Israel from
Cyria in 1967
 West Bank : This place was captured by Israel
from Jordan. As per the peace treaty of 1994 the
administrative authority of this place was given
to Palestine National Authority.
 Gaza Strip is in the Egypt. It was captured by
Israel in the 1967 battle and as per the treaty of
1994 it was handed over to Palestine National
Authority.
 Sinai Peninsula : This place was also captured
from Egypt in the 1967 war and handed over to
Palestine in 1982.
 The official name of Israel is Medinat Israel.
 Hebrew and Arabic are the official languages of
Israel.
 The conflict reached a turning point with the election (January 2005) of
Mahmud Abbas as the new
Palestinian leader following
the death of Yassar Arafat.
 In 2006 July-August Israel
invaded Labanon and tried to
destroy the so called extremist organisation Hisbulla led
by Sheik Hassan Nasrulla.
 The Hamas lead coalition
won the general election in Palestine. But the Israel and EU blocked their financial assistance to
this country. Now it is in great financial crisis.
LATIN AMERICAN NATIONALISM
 Countries to the south of USA are collectively
called Latin America.
 Mexico, Central America, South America and the
Islands of West Indies are the major parts of Latin
America.
 There are altogether 46 countries in Latin
America. 33 independent nations and 13 dependent countries.
 Brazil is the largest Latin American country in
area and Population.
 Spanish is the most widely spoken language in
Latin America.
 Guarani is the language of Indian origin spoken
in Paragua.
 Quechua is the Indian language in Peru.
 Aymara is the Indian language Spoken in Bolivia.
 Christopher Columbus was the first European to
a reach Latin America.
 Francisco De Miranda (1750-1816) was one of
the most important leaders of Latin America. He
fought for the liberation of Venezuela and came
out victorious in 1910 and it proclaimed its independence in 1911.
 Simon Bolivor (1783-1830) worked for the liberation of Columbia, Venezuela, Equador, Peru and
Bolivia. He is considered as the father of their
nation by all these countries. He is known as the
‘Liberator’ or ‘the Washington of South’.
 San Martin (1778 – 1850) another famous Latin
American leader worked for the liberation of Argentina, Chili and Peru.
 Brazil got independence from Spain in 1822.
 Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba in 1959.
 Due to health reason Cuban
President Fidel Castro
transferred his power temporarily to his brother Raul
Castro in September 2006.
 Panama got the Panama Canal from US in 1999.
 Panama Canal was opened
in 1914. Panama Canal connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
 Soccer (Football) is the most important game of
Latin American countries.

15/05/2019 YamEen Uncategorized

world history part 8

 Lenin is known as the
arichitect of Soviet Union.
 Lenin was born in 1870
April 10. in Simbrisk,
Russia.
 He received the name
Lenin in 1901.
 He was led to Communism
by his elder brother
Alexander.
 Lenin started a newspaper known as Iskara in
1900.
 Lenin was the leader of the Bolshevic section of
the party.
 He died in 21st January 1924 of cerebral stroke.
 Bolsheviks, the majority party and Menshiviks,
the minority party were the two division of the
Russian Social Democractic Labour Party.
 USSR came into existence in 1922 December
 Czar Nicholas II was the reigning Czar of Russia
when the Revolution occurred.
 Russian Parliament is known as Duma.
 The new form of workers organisation formed on
the eve of the Revolution was known as ‘Soviet’.
 February Revolution was on 12 March 1917.
 Provisional Government which formed after the
February Revolution was led by Alexander
Kerensky.
 The October Revolution happened on 7 November 1917 (because old Russian Calendar was 14
days backward).
 After the October Revolution Trotsky came to
power
 Stalin is known as the Iron Man of Communism.
 Stalin became the head of Soviet Union in 1924.
 He introduced Five Year Plans (1928) for the economic progress of Russia.
 In 1991 the Communist rule in Russia came to an
end and the USSR collapsed. Russia and other
Soviet Republics became independent nations.
 St. Petersburg is the largest city in Russia second only to Moscow.
 The city of St. Petersburg was founded by Peter
the Great in 1703. The city was known as
Petrograd from 1914 to 1924. Later it came to be
known as Leningrad. Gorbachov renamed it St.
Petersburg again.
 Grand Cremlin Palace was the Residence of
Czars.
 Rasputin was a crooked witch, who had an influence over the Czarina.
 The economic and political reforms started by
Gorbachev in 1985 was known as ‘Peristroika’
which means restructuring. For freedom of press
and freedom of expression he also introduced
‘Glasnost’ which means open approach.
 The Crimean War (1854-56)
The Crimean War was fought between Russia on
the one side and Turkey, France and England on
the other.
 Florence Nightingale established the first nursing school.
 Florence Nightingale is known as ‘‘Lady with the
Lamp’’
Chinese Revolution (1911)
 The Chinese Revolution tookplace in 1911.
 Ching dynasty or the Manchus were the last ruling dynasty of China.
 Puyi, a six year old boy was the last Manchu
Emperor.
 The Republic of China was formed in 1912 and
Sun Yat-Sen became the first Chairman and first
President of the Chinese Republic.
 Sun-Yat-Sen was a leader of the Comintang Party
MilitaryHead Yuan Shikai assumed power replacing Sun-Yat-Sen in 1912 march 10.
 In 1949 the Chinese Communist Party defeated
the nationalists and formed the ‘‘Peoples Republic of China’.
 The Opium Wars were fought between Britain
and China.
 The first Opium War, was fought during 1839-42
and the second was during 1856-60.
 Opium Wars were fought to get open the ports of
China to trade opium from British India.
 As a result of the first Opium War the Chinese
province of Hongkong came under the control of
Britain in 1844.
 Hong Kong became a special administrative region of China on July 1, 1997 when the colony
was handed over by Britain to China.
 Macao, which was a colony of the Portugal was
restored to China on 20th December 1999.
 Shanghai is the biggest city in China. Beijing is
in the second place.
 China was admitted to the UN in 1971. Now she is
a Permanent Member of the UN Security Council.
 92% of the Chinese people belonged to the Han
race.
 The Tianen Square in Beijing is described as the
‘Naval of China’. The name means ‘the gate of
heavenly peace’.
 The highest Court in China is the Supreme
People’s Court.
 China’s leading newspaper is ‘Renin Ribao’
(People’s Daily) of Beijing, which is the official
newspaper of Chinese Communist Party.
 China is the first Asian country to launch a space
shuttle. Zhenshou V was the Chinese space
shuttle and Yang Liwei was its first space traveller.
 China is the world’s most populous country. It
has about a fifths of the world’s population.
 China has the oldest living civilisation.
 Chinese were the first to make compasses, paper,
pottery, and silk.
 Chinese Mandarin is the most widely spoken language of the world and it is the mother tongue of
the largest number of people. Chinese call this
language ‘Putoghua’ (Common language)
 China has the world’s largest fishing industry.
 The Grand Canal world’s longest artificially created water way extends more than 1600 Kilometers from Hangzhou in the south to Beijing in the
north.
 Chinese People’s Liberation Army is the world’s
largest Army in number.
 China is the largest producer of paddy, silk and
coal in the world.
 China has the largest Communist Party in the
world.
 World’s largest dam Three Gorges Dam is built
across the Yangtse river in China.
 China opened world’s highest and longest highland railway on 1st July 2006 The Qinghai-Tibet
Railway(1, 1142 Km)
 Karakkoram highway is the only overland connection between China and Pakistan.
 Communist China’s first international religious
gathering was conducted in April 2006.
In that World Buddhist Forum, Buddhists from
more than 30 countries participated.
 2012 Olympics will be held in China.
 Wenjiabo became the President of China.
It is for the first time the posts of President and
General Secretary of the Communist Party of China
held by two persons.
 The present General Secretary of Communist
Party of China is the former PresidentJiangZemin
 Den-Sia-O-Ping brought liberalist policies in
China in 1970.
First World War (1914-1918)
 The murder of Arch Duke Ferdinant of Austria
by a Serbian student Gavle Prince on June 28,
1914 was the immediate cause of the outbreak of
the First World War (1914-1918). The war was
started by the declaration of war against Serbia
by Austria – Hungry. The main combatants in the
war were the Central Powers (Germany, Austria,
Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria) and the Allied
Powers (England, France, Belgium, Serbia and
Russia). The Central Powers lost the war. The war
ended with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.(Versailles is a city near Paris) Submarine warboat (U-boat) used by Germany inthe war was a great menace. Wudrow Wilson was the President of Americaduring the First World War. Lloyd George was the British Prime Minister andClemenceace was the French Prime Minister during the War. The Treaty of Versailles was signed between theAllies and Germany on 28th June 1919. The Treaty of St. Germain was signed by theAllies with Austria- Hungary in 1919. An armistice (Peace Agreement) was signed onNovember 11, 1918 to end the war. It was followedby a peace conference at Paris and the Treaty ofVersailles in 1920. The Treaty of Versaile’s resulted in the foundation of League of Nations in 1919. League of Nations was formed on the basis of the‘Fourteen Points’ put forward by Wudrow Wilson in 1918. League of Nations was the predescessor of theUNO. League of Nations was disbanded in 1945 andeven before that it lost its importance in 1939when the Second World War broke out. The First World War was fought as ‘a war to endall wars’. One of the most important results of the FirstWorld War was the Great Depression whichstarted in USA in 1929. Only one European country which was not affected by great depression was Russia. Three major powers during the interwar periodwere USA, USSR and Japan. Ku Klux Klan was a white terrorist gang workingin America during the period of Great Depression. Franklin D. Roosevelt became American presidentduring the great depression in 1932.Unification of Italy, and Fascism After the decline of the Roman Empire Italy was
divided into a number of small independent states.
 Joseph Massini is known as the ‘‘Prophet of Italian Nationalism’’
 Massini founded ‘Young Italy’ in 1821.
 Garibaldi was another famous leader of Italian
Nationalism. He founded an organisation known
as ‘Red Shirts’.
 The unification of Germany was completed in
1870.
 Political organisations which originated in Europe
after the First World War were collectively known
as Fascist Movements.
 The word ‘Fascism’ was originated from the Italian word ‘fasces’ which means ‘‘a bundle of rods
and an axe’’.
 Benitto Mussolini, the world’s first fascist dictator who came to power in Italy in 1922, is known
as the father of Fascism.
 Mussolini organised his followers into the ‘Black
shirts’


15/05/2019 YamEen Uncategorized

world history part 7

American Presidents
 The figures of four American Presidents are engraved on the Mount Rushmor.
 The term of American President is four years.
 Only American president who got all the electoral votes – George Washington.
 The birth place of George Washington –Virginia
 George Washington died on 1799 December 14.
 First Vice President of America – John Adams
 First American Lady
who advocated for the
rights of women –
Abey Gale Smith
(Wife of John Adams)
 American President
who was entrusted to
prepare American
Constitution – Thomas Jefferson
 James Madison is
known as the ‘Father of American Constitution’.
 Last military officer of the American revolution to
become the President of America – James Munroe
 First American President who was the son of a
former president – John Kwinsy Adams
 ‘Kitchen Cabinet’ prevailed during the period of
Andrew Jackson.
 First American President to die in harness –
Wilham Henry Harrison
 First American President who was subjected to
impeachment – John Tailor
 American President who is known as ‘Black
Horse’ – James K. Polk
 First American President who was ousted from
his party while in Office – John Tailor
 American President who chose the site for White
House – Herbert Hover
 American President who worked as the Chairman
of UN Human Rights Committee – Elenar
Roosevelt
 American President who gave orders to drop atom
bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki – Harry S.
Truman
 American President who was known as Smiling
President – Eisonhower
 First Roman Catholican born in 20th century to
become the President of America – John
F.Kennedy
 Who shot dead John F. Kennedy – Lee Harvey
Oswald.
 John F. Kennedy’s assassination was the first live
broadcast murder in the world.
 First Vice President to become President while
the President was alive – Jerald R. Ford.
 Watergate incident (1972) is related to – Richard
Nixon
 Oldest President of America – Ronald Reagon
 The agreement to give back Panama canal to the
nation of Panamas was signed during the term of
Jimmy Carter as President.
 American Presidents who got Nobel Prize for
Peace – Theodor Roosevelt, Jimmy Carter,
Wudrow Wilson.
 First Bachelor President of America – James
Buccanan.
 Tallest American President – Abraham Lincoln
 First to be elected for a second term as President
– George Washington
 First to get married while he was president –Grover
Cleavelend
 Which American President is known as ‘Human
Chain’ – Benjamin Harrison
 First American to win Nobel Prize for Peace –
Theodor Rousevelt (1906)
 First American President who later became Chief
Justice – William Haward Daft
 Which American President said ‘The Chief business of America is business’’. – Kalvin Koolinch
 First American Citizen to become American President – Martin Von Buran
He was born after the declaration of American
independence in 1776.
French Revolution (1789)
 The century from 1750 to 1850 is known as the
‘Age of Revolutions’
 18th century is known as the ‘Age of Enlightenment’
 18th century is also known as ‘Age of Reason’
 Voltaire, Rousseau and Montesquieu were the
prominent philosophers who gave inspiration to
the French people.
 French society on the eve of Revolution was divided into three Estates – Clergy, Nobles and Commons.
 Louis XVI was the king of France when the revolution broke out (1774-1792)
 His wife was beautiful but ‘Empty Headed lady
Mary Antoinette.
 Like the Stuart kings of England, the Bourbons of
France also ruled by the Divine Right Theory of
Kingship. Louis XIV (1643 – 1715) who fully exploited the theory said ‘‘I am the state’’ He also
said ‘‘flood after me’’
 The French Parliament was known as ‘Estates
General’.
 The Bastile Prison which was the symbol of
monarch’s cruelty was broken by the Third Estate on 14th July 1789. Thus began the French
Revolution.
 July 14th is observed as a national holiday in
France every year in memory of this incident.
 Liberty, Equality and Fraternity the slogan of the
French Revolution was given by Rousseau the
French Philosopher and the author of ‘‘The Social Contract’’.
 The Eiffel Tower is
situated on the banks
of river Science in
Paris. It was built in
1888 by Gaustave
Eiffel.
 His famous saying is
‘‘Man is born free but
everywhere he is in
chains’’.
 Louise Phillippe was
the Emperor of France from 1830 – 1848 AD. He
shunned the traditional symbols of monarchy and
came to be known as the ‘Citizen King’.
 Napolean Bonaparte (1769-1821) is known as the
‘‘Child of the French Revolution’’.
 Napolean Bonaparte was bornin Corsica, an island in the Meditteranean sea in 1769. He proclaimed himself the emperor of France in 1804. He
was defeated by the English in 1813 and deported
to Elba. But later he
recaptured power.
But after his final defeat in the Battle of
Water Loo he was
deported to St. Helena Island. There he
died in 1821. The government formed by
Nepolean in France
was known as Consulate. The Bank of France was established by
Napolean.
 French Philosopher Rousseau is the author of
books such as Emile, Confessions, Social Contract etc.
 The most important work of Montesquieu is ‘‘The
Spirit of Laws’’
 French Revolution resulted in the destruction of
feudalism in France.
 French Revolution gave the term ‘nation’, its modern meaning.
 Elysee Palace is the official residence of French
President.
 Now the term of French President is five years,
earlier it was seven years.
 Franc is French currency
 Jacqueous Shirak is the President of France.
 In 2006 there was a racial conflict between the
African immigrants and natives.
The Industrial Revolution
 The Industrial Revolution is the name given to a
series of changes that brought about a transition
from production by hand to production by ma-
chine from small scale production to large scale
production, hand made goods to machine made
goods.
 Industrial Revolution started in England in the
second part of the 18th century and in the first
part of the 19th century.
 Industrial Revolution first influenced the Cotton
Textile Industry.
 In 1733, John Kay invented the Flying Shuttle
for weaving cloth.
 James Hargreaves invented the Spinnng Jenny
in 1764 (Jenny was the name of his wife)
 Water Frame was invented by Richard
Archwright.
 Samuel Crompton invented Mule in 1779.
 Power Loomwas invented byEdmund Cartwright
in 1785.
 James Watt invented Steam Engine in 1769.
 ‘Safety Lamp’ or ‘Davis Lamp’ was invented by
Humphrey Davy in 1816.
 Elias Home invented sewing machine in 1846.
 ‘The Warrior’ was the first warship built with
iron plates.
 Abraham Derby invented the method of smelting
iron with coke in 1709.
 Bersemer invented the steel furnace in 1856.
 First Steam Locomotive was invented by
Trevithick in 1800.
 In 1814 George Stephenson invented an improved
steam locomotive called Rocket. It was finally
used in opening the first passenger railway from
Liverpool to Manchester. That is why
Stephenson is called the father of Steam Locomotive.
 Steam Boat was invented by Robert Fulton in
1807.
 First steam ship sailed from Glasgow to Liverpool
in 1857. A ship first crossed the Atlantic in 1833.
 The method of sending message by wire was invented by Morse in 1835.
Bloody Sunday
On the 22nd of 1905 thousands of unarmed Russian workers marched to the Winter Palace of Czar
in St.Peterburg. Their demand was to have administrative reforms. But the army fired at the mob
Hundereds of workers died, thousands wounded.
This incident is known as Bloody Sunday, that is
related to the Revolution of 1905 in Russia.
 Electric Telegraph was invented by Graham Bell
in 1876.
 John Macadam, an engineer of Scotland made
the first strong roads in England with the help of
small stones.
 First important Trade Union Movement in the
world was Chartist Movement originated in England as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
 Japan was the first Asian country to be
indsutrialised.
 The Steam Engine invented by Jameswatt was
called Beelzebub.
 Industrial Revolution gave rise to Capitalism.
 A little before the Industrial Revolution the Agrarian Revolution broke out in England.
Russian Revolution
 Russia was united into an empire in the 9th century AD. Russia was unified by the Rurichs.
 Russians belonged to the Salvonic race.
 Mongols captured Russia in the 13th century.
 The Romanoff Dynasty of Russia was founded
by Michael Romanoff in 1613.
 Romanoff Emperors were known as Czars. They
ruled Russia from 1613 to 1917.
 Peter the Great is considered as the father of
modern Russia.
 Peter’s foreign policy was known as ‘warm water
policy’
 Russian Revolution was started in 1917 and it
was led by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin.
 Lenin was the leader of the Russian Social
Democractic Labour Party.

15/05/2019 YamEen Uncategorized

world history part 6

England
 United Kingdom includes the Islands of England,
Scotland and Ireland
 The inhabitance of England in the Neolithic Age
were known as Iberians.
 Julius Caesar captured England in BC 55 and the
Romans ruled England for 367 years.
 After the Romans England came in the hands of
Anglo-Saxons.
 First priest to rule England was Dunston.
 Christianity reached England for the first time by
the coming of Romans.
 Ceadmon was the first English poet and Bede was
the first English historian.
 The Magna Carta was signed by King John of
England in AD 1215 at Runnymede. The
Magnacarta is described as the ‘Bible of the English Constitution’. It is also known as the ‘Bible
of English Liberty’.
 Innocent III was the Pope when the Magna Carta
was signed.
 The Hundred years war (1338-1453) fought between England and France started during the period of King Edward III.
 The Peasants Revolt in England was in 1381.
 Battle of Roses were the civil wars in England.
 The Great Plague in London broke out in 1665.
 The system of Parliament originated in England
during the period of Henry I.
 The Stuart king of England believed ‘in the
Divine Right Theory of Kingship’.
 James I, the Stuart king wrote a book ‘‘The Law of
Free Monarchies’’.
 Stuart king Charles I dissolved the Parliament in
1629 and did not summoned it till 1640.
He resummoned the Parliament in 1640 and ended
in 1660. It is known as Long Parliament.
 Civil War in England started in 1642. Oliver
Cromwell led England after the Civil War. He ruled
with the little ‘Lord Protector’.
 Charles first was beheaded publically in 1649.
 The Petition of Rights was accepted by the British Parliament in 1628.
 The Bloodless revolution or Glorious Revolution
occurred in England in 1688.
 Through the Bloodless Revolution English king
JamesII was dethroned and Mary, the daughter
of Charles I and her husband William of Orange
came to power in England.
 ‘Whigs’ and ‘Torys’ the political parties of England originated during the period of Charles II.
 Habeas Corpus Act was passed in England in
1679 during the period of Charles II.
 The Bill of Rights was accepted in England after
the Glorious Revolution in 1689.
 In 1707 by the ‘Act of Union’ England and Scotland joined together and became ‘Great Britain’.
 By ‘the Act of Union’ of 1801 Great Britain and
Northern Ireland joined together and it became
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.
 But Ireland was delinked in 1921 and Northern
Ireland became part of England.
 The official name of England is ‘‘United kingdom
of Great Britain and Northern Ireland’.
 ‘Pound Sterling’ is the Currency of England.
 Robert Walpole was
the first Prime Minister
of England and the first
in the world to hold the
post of Prime Minister.
He laid the foundation
of Cabinet system. He
became the Prime Minister in 1721.
 The Industrial Revolution first started in
England in the second
half of the 18th century
with the rapid growth of applied sciences, power
driven machines replaced handwork.
 The Agrarian Revolution also took place in Britain.
 ‘The Commonwealth of Nations’ is an association of those free nations which were previously
the part of British Empire.
 The delegates send each other by Common Wealth
Countries are known as High Commissioners and
delegates send by Common Wealth nations to other
countries are known as Ambassadors.
 The Falklands War was fought between England
and Argentina in 1982.
 Stanley is the capital of Falkland Island. Britain
came out victorious in the battle. It is a British
colony even today.
 10 Dowining Street is the official residence of
the British Prime Ministers.
 Tony Blair of Labour Party is the Prime Minister
of England.
 Princess Diana died in a car accident along with
Dodi Al Fayed in Paris.
 Buckingham Palace is the residence of British
Monarch.
United States of America
 America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 12th October 1492.
 In the first quarter of the 17th century some
protestants from England migrated to the southern part of North America to escape from the religious persecution of James I. They came to be
known as ‘pilgrim fathers’. They sailed to
America in a ship named, ‘The May Flower’.
 Britain established its first colony in Jamestown
in Virginia in 1607.
American War of Independence
 The American war of independence was fought
between the American colonies and the Britain.
The leader of colonies was George Washington.
 The Stamp Act was passed in 1765.
 The Navigation Act was passed in 1651.
 The Town Shent Act was passed in 1767. These
Acts were passed to control and exploit the colonies.
 The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was associated
with the American Revolution. To protest against
the tax on tea, the revolutionaries threw tea boxes
from the ship anchored in the Boston Port. This
incident is known as Boston Tea Party.
 ‘‘No taxation without representation’’ was the famous slogan associated with the American Revolution.
 The representatives of the 13 colonies met at the
First Continental Congress at Philadelphia in
1774.
 Second Philadelphia Congress was met in 1776
and it adopted the Declaration of Independence
on 4 July 1776.
 The Declaration of American Independence was
drafted by Thomas Jefferson.
 By the Treaty of Paris in 1783, the United States
of America came to being.
 The Constitution of America was adopted in 1789.
 The Civil War in America was during 1861-65
 Abraham Lincoln was the
President during Civil War.
 The city of Chicago in
America has the largest
number of rail roads.
 ‘Uncle Tom’s Cabin’’ of
Harriet Beechstowe published for the first time in
1852.
 Statue of Liberty is situated
in the Liberty Island in the Newyork Port. It has
91 meter height.
 Eagle is the National bird of America.
 American women got voting right in 1920.
 John Jai (1789-95) was the first Chief Justice of
America.
 Baseball is the National game of America.
 Golden Rod is the National Symbol of America
 The residence of American President got the
name White House during the period of Theodor
Roosevelt.
 George Washington is the father of America.
 He became the President of America in 1789.
 Thomas Jefferson was the third President of
America.
 President who abolished slavery in America was
Abraham Lincoln. He was the 16th President of
America. He worked as storekeeper and village
postmaster. He abolished slavery in 1862. He was
assassinated in 1865 while watching a drama,
‘Our American Cousin’ in the Fords Theatre
alongwith his wife. He was assassinated by John
Wilksbooth. Lincoln is known as ‘‘Great
Immancipator’’.
 First modern census was held in America in 1790.
 49th Parallel separates America and Canada.
 William Henry Harrison was the President who
ruled the least term.
 James Madison is known as the father of American Constitution.
 Ronald Reagan was the only filmstar who became
American President.
 Chicago International Airport is the world’s busiest airport.
 Gand Canyon in the Colarado river in America is
the biggest Gorge in the world.
 United States Library of Congress is the largest
library in the world.
 American Museum of Natural History is the largest museum in the world.
 Port of New-York and New Jersy is the largest
port in the world.
 Grant Central Terminal in Newyork city is the biggest railway station in the world.
 Yerkis Observatory of Illinois University has the
largest refractor telescope.
 ‘General Sherman’ in California is the biggest
tree in the world.
 Coast Redwood in the Redwood National Park in
California is the tallest tree in the world.
 The first American President to be assassinated
was Abraham Lincoln.
 Other American Presidents who were assassinated
James A Garfield in 1881
William McKinley in 1901
John F Kennedy in 1963
 USA has two political parties – Republicans and
Democrates.
 Great Depression striked America in 1930’s
 There are 50 states and one district in the U.S.A
 District of Columbia (Washington DC) on the
banks of Potomak river is Americas capital district.
 New York is the largest city in America.
 Chicago is known as the City of Winds.
 Newyork city is situated on the banks of Hudson
river.
Important Battles
 Hundred Years War(1337-1453) : England and
France
 Seven Years War (1756-1763) : French were
defeated by the English
 Battle of Trafalgar(1805) : British fleet (under
Nelson) defeated the combined fleet of France
and Spain.
 Battle of Water Loo
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15/05/2019 YamEen Uncategorized

world history part 5

 Monasticism originated in Europe in the Middle
Ages.
 In the 12th and 13th centuries there occurred several wars between Christians and Muslims in Palestine. These battles are known as Crusades.
 Muslims became religiously intolerant due to the
Crusades.
 Crusades resulted in the spread of Islam to Europe.
 Feudal System was first emerged in Europe.
 The early name of feudalism was Clientage.
 The word feudalism was originated from the word
‘fief’ or ‘fued’ which means land given to peasant.
 The structure of feudal relationship was like a
pyramid. King was on top of the pyramid and
slaves were at the bottom.
 Feudalism came to an end towards AD 1000 by
the influence of christianity.
 Feudalism helped to control the autocratic rule of
kings in the Middle Ages
 Guilds were th merchant organisations of Europe
in the Middle Ages.
 The University of Italy founded in 825 was the
first University in Europe.
 Paris University was the first University in France.
 Oxford University was founded in 1163 AD and
Cambridge in 1284.
 Aleson Richard was the first woman to become
the Vice Chancellor of Cambridge University.
 Christianity was responsibile for making the Barbarians a civilised people.
 The Monastry of Monte Casino was founded by
St. Benedict.
 The word Catholic means
‘Omnipresent’.
 Pope was the head of Medieval Christian Church.
 The silver jubilee celebrations of the Pope John Paul
II’s Pontification has been
one of the longest in the
history of the Papacy celebrated in 2003.
 Pope John Paul II died on 2 April 2005.
 He belonged to Poland.
 Pope Pius IX was the Pope who ruled the longest
term (31 years)
 John Paul II is the Pope with second longest term
(26 years).
 John Paul II was the first Pope to accept the
Theory of Evolution by Charles Darwin.
 John Paul II visited India twice (1986, 1999)
 ‘‘Crossing the Threshold of Hope’’ ‘‘Gift and Mystery’’ ‘‘Roman Tryptych Meditations’’
‘‘Rise up Let us Go’’, ‘‘Memory and Identity’’ are
the books written by Pope John Paul II.
 Joseph Ratzinger of Germany who came to be
known as Benedict XVI became the 265th Pope
after the death of John Paul II.
 Benedict XVI is the second oldest pesson (78) to
become the Pope.
 Oldest person to become the Pope was Clemant
XII.
 Benedict XVI was the Second German to become
the Pope.
 Latin Language is considered as theVehicle of
Medieval Culture.
 Geofery Chaucer is considered as the father of
English Poetry.
 ‘Canterbury Tales’ is the famous work of Chaucer.
Joan of Arc
 The Middle Age was a period of superstitions. It
was common among the orthodox to accuse someone, especially young, beautiful and enterprising
girls as witch and initiate legal proceding against
them.
 ‘The Court of Inquisition’ was meant for the trial
of those who are accused of as such.
 Heresy or the denial of religious principles was one of
the most severe offences of the Middle Ages.
 In the Hundred Years War which started in 1338
between England and France, France was losing
frequently. There was nobody to lead France.
Then Joan a shephered girl, with god’s revelation
met the king of France and got the permission to
lead the French army. She started her victorious
Journey by crashing the barricade of English
Army in Orleans, in France. Thus she got the name
‘‘Maid of Orleans’’. The orthodox church authorities accused her a witch and trialed at the court of
inquisition. The verdict was to burn her alive. In
1431 Joan was burnt at the stake. But later the
church authorities realized their mistake and in
1921 Vathican proclaimed her a beatified person.
Now Joan of Arc is known as St. Joan.
Modern Age
The Renaissance
 The literal meaning of Renaissance is rebirth.
 The capture of Constantinople by the Turks in
1453 was the cause of Renaissance in Europe.
The new name of Constantinople is Istambul.
 During the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries there
was a great revival in Europe in the field of art,
literature and learning. This marked the transition
from the Medieval to the Modern period. This is
known as the Renaissance. The birth place of
Renaissance movement was Italy.
 Renaissance was actually the rebirth of Classical
Grecco-Roman literature and learning.
 The Renaissance emerged in Italy roughly between AD 1300 and AD 1550.
 Italy is known as ‘‘the Cradle of Renaissance’’
 ‘Divine Comedy’ written by Dante was a classical
work of the Renaissance period.
 Humanism is considered as the heart and soul of
Renaissance. Petrarc, an Itaian poet is considered as the, father of Humanism.
 Niccolo Machiavelli wrote a book on politics
named ‘The Prince’
 Machiavelli is known as Italian Kautilya and
Kautilya is known as Indian Machiavelli.
 The Renaissance painters painted directly on plaster walls called frescoes.
 ‘The Last Supper’ a fresco in
Milan, ‘The
Mona Lisa and
the ‘Virgin and
the Child’ were
the famous paintings of Leonardo
Da Vinci.
 Da Vinci was the
first person to
identify the models of aeroplanes,
submarines and
cars.
 ‘Madona’ and
‘The School of Athens’ are the famous paintings
of Raphael.
 Michelangelo was another Italian painter who was
the author of famous painting ‘Last Judgement’
and Sculpture ‘David and Moses’.
 St. Peters Basilica in Rome was built under the
patronage of Pope Julius II and Pope Leo X It
was designed by Michelangelo.
 ‘The Praise of Folly’ was a satiristic work written
by Erasmus.
 Erasmus was known as the prince among the
humanists.
 ‘Utopia’ was a famous work of Sir Thomas More
portraying an ideal community on an imaginary
island indicating the glaring abuses of his time.
 The technique of printing was first developed by
the Chinese.
 John Guttenburg of Germany is considered as
the father of printing. He published Bible in 1456.
 William Caxton established the first printing
press in England in 1477.
 Copernicus a Polish astronomer developed the
theory of universe through his book ‘‘Six Books
concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly
Spheres’’.

 His theory of universe was later supported by
Galileo.
 Kepler wrote a book titled ‘On the Motion of
Mars’ to establish the heliocentric theory.
 Galileo Galilei an Italian scientist invented telescope in 1609.
 Isaac Newton was born in England in 1642. He
published his work ‘‘The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy’’.
 The great dramatist Shakespeare who is popularly known as the ‘Bard of Avon’ was born in
AD 1564 and died in AD 1616. His great tragedies
are ‘Hamlet’, ‘Macbeth’, ‘Othelloand KingLear’.
He wrote altogether 37 plays.
Reformation and Counter Reformation
 The name ‘Protestant’ was first applied by Martin Luther.
 Reformation was started in Germany by Martin
Luther in 1517. This resulted in the formation of
Protestant Religion.
 Ulrich Zwingli and John Calvin were the leaders
of reformation in Switzerland.
 Reformation in Switzerland was known as Calvinism.
 Reformation movement in England was known as
Anglicanism it was led by King Henry VIII and
Queen Elizabeth I.
 Counter-Reformation was a reformist movement
within the Catholic Church to restore its universal authority.
 John Wycliffe is known as the ‘‘Morning Star of
the Reformation’’. He was responsible for giving
inspiration to translate Bible into English for the
first time.
 Ignatius Layola formed a society of monks known
as ‘Jesut order’ in Spain.
 Jesute missionaries reached India for the first
time during the period of Akbar the Great in 1580.
Geographical Discoveries
 Portugal was the first European country to encourage geographical discoveries.
 Prince Henry, the Navigator of Portugal encouraged sailors by making maps.
 Bartholomew Diaz sailed down the west coast of
Africa in 1487, which came to be known as ‘Cape
of Good Hope’.
 Vasco-da Gama followed Diaz’s route, rounded
the Cape of Good Hope and landed at Kappad in
Calicut in the Spring of 1498.
 Vasco-da-Gama was sent to India by the Portuguese king Dom Manual.
 He reached India in a ship named St. Gabriel.
 Christopher Columbus discovered West Indies
and thought that it was India in 1492 and called
its people Red Indians.
 Later, Amerigo Vespucci reached the South
American coast in 1499 and America was named
after him.
 Ferdinant Megallan of Portugal who started his Voyage in 1519 was the first
circum navigator (who
sailed around the world). His
circum navigation exclusively proved that the Earth
is round.
 The name ‘Pacific’ was
given to the ocean by Megallan.
 He reached Phillipines in 1521 and died there fighting its aborgins.
 The coast of Venezuela was explored by Amerigo
Vespucci.
 John Cabbot discovered New Foundland in 1497.
 Peru was discovered by Francisco Pizzaro.
 Kabral discovered Brazil in 1500. He was a Portuguese.
 Portugal was the first country in the field of colonialism.